The organization was originally known as the Seneca Baptist Association and included much of Frederick County and all of Montgomery County. The name changed to Montgomery Baptist Association on October 23, 1961 and included only the churches located in the county. The churches in Frederick County aligned with the newly founded Western Association.

There have been five Directors of Mission, Rev. J. C. Campbell; Rev. Robert Hughes; Dr. Roy Goodwin; Dr. George Arthur and Dr. Ron Blankenship. Dr. Arthur retired in 1997. Dr. Morris Vickers served as Interim Director of Missions following Dr. Arthur's retirement. He served until Dr. Blankenship began his ministry on September 13, 1999. 

There have been seven administrative assistants, Mrs. Christine Lofberg, 1970; Mrs. Louise Oyster, 1980; Ms. Cathy Miller, 1983; Mrs. Betty Garner, 1986; Mrs. Virginia Hott, 1991; Mrs. Marilyn Leach, 1993; Mrs. Sherrie Riggs, 1994 - present. Mrs. Riggs' position was changed to Missions Office Manager in 1997.

The Montgomery Baptist Association has a subsidiary ministry known as the Montgomery Baptist Foundation, Inc. It is a separate corporation that is operated by the MBA. Its function is to assist churches and missions to purchase land and build facilities and it is primarily supported financially through designated support of the MBA churches. It was originally known as The Seneca Baptist Extension Board and was founded in 1960.

The three longest serving pastors in the MBA with twenty years or more of service are Dr. Dennis Kim of Global Mission, Rev. Gayle Clifton of Olney Baptist Church, and Rev. Richard Chavez of Burtonsville Baptist Church.

There are six churches in the Association which were founded in the 18th century and are still active. These churches were instrumental in founding the Assocation. The oldest church is Upper Seneca Baptist Church, formerly known as Cedar Grove Baptist Church. It was founded in 1802. It is the second oldest Baptist church in the state of Maryland. First Baptist Church of  Rockville was founded in 1821, Wildwood Baptist Church was founded in 1862, Germantown Baptist Church was founded in 1864, Barnesville Baptist Church was founded in 1871, and Travilah Baptist Church was founded in 1894.

There are currently 56 very culturally diverse churches affiliated with the association. The background of the churches are White Non-Hispanic, African-American, Korean, Hispanic, Chinese, Haitian, Filipino, and Vietnamese. We are currently working with an Ethiopian and a Burmese church planter as they prepare to launch a church. There are three other church planters working with the Association to launch a new church and are in various stages of prepartions to begin. There are two churches that have requested affilation with the Association and will be granted watch care status for one year before seeking approval for full affliation. (A watch care church is a church that was started without the assistance of the Association.)

For twenty eight years the Association occupied an office in a converted house located on the property of First Baptist Church of Rockville in Rockville, Maryland. In January 2006 the church needed the house for a new staff member so the Association moved out and for eight months occupied a temporary office at Upper Seneca Baptist Church in Germantown, Maryland. The Association recently moved into a newly renovated, beautifful office located in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The office was purchased by the Montgomery Baptist Foundation in behalf of the Association. The commerical condominium was purchased in January 2006, and after renovations were completed in early August, the Foundation granted full occupancy to the Association.